Scottsdale Settles Condemnation Case For $8,290,000

The Scottsdale City Council last week approved the settlement of a condemnation action it had filed against  CGP-Aberdeen for the principal amount of $7,500,000, plus interest of approximately $790,000, for a total settlement amount of $8,290,000.  The property owner was represented by Dale Zeitlin.

The City had filed a lawsuit against the property owner on January 1,2003, which under Arizona law established the date of valuation.  The City, however, did not ask the court to take early possession of the property until July 2004 at which time the City paid $4,000,000 (the City's appraised value for the property)to the property owner, a delay of eighteen months. 

Mr. Zeitlin argued that the statutory date of valuation when applied to a factual situation where the government delays taking possession of the property for a lengthy period of time was unconstitutional. The trial court rejected this argument, but on appeal, the Arizona Court of Appeals agreed with Zeitlin's argument and held that property must be valued when the government takes possession of the property and first pays its estimate of just compensation.  Thus, the valuation date was not January 2003, but July 2004, a date when values were significantly higher.

The settlement was reached using the July 2004 date of value.

This case also has significance to every condemnation case that is filed by Arizona Public Service or other governmental entities that do not have the right to take immediate possession of property.  In all of these cases, the property owner will be able to argue for a later date of value.  APS had filed amicus curiae briefs opposing using the later date of valuation throughout the appellate process.

 

 

 

 

Top 100 Verdicts

The National Law Journal recognized Dale Zeitlin's jury verdict in City of Scottsdale v. Toll Brothers as one on the top 100 verdicts for 2008. In fact, the verdict, which was for $81,903,496, plus pre-judgment interest in the amount of $9,826,023, was the 26th largest jury verdict in the United States during 2008.

The City of Scottsdale condemned 383 acres of vacant desert land in 2004.  The property had a highest and best use for low density single family residential development  The City valued the property at $33,800,000. 

The jury verdict stands as the largest eminent domain verdict in Arizona history.

Town of Gilbert Takes Advantage of Real Estate Market and Buys Park Land

The Town of Gilbert, using a portion of $80 million of bond money, has agreed to purchase 63 acres of land near Germann and Greenfield Roads from a landowner for a special events center.  Town Manager George Pettit said that "[t]he opprotunity was there, the land was there", but that the Town needed to issue bonds to fund the purchase.  In addition to the private land, the Town purchased or leased an additional 121 acres from the Maricopa County Flood Control District. 

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The Arizona Republic reports that Gilbert set aside money as a cushion to help repay the bonds if system development fees are not sufficient, the Town was able to take advantage of favorable interest rates and a less aggressively priced real estate market than has existed in the past few years. 

Smokeshop Battles Chandler Intersection Expansion

The City of Chandler authorized condemnation against Trails, a smoke shop, which is the final holdout in the City's plans to acquire land for the expansion of an intersection at Ray Road and Alma School Road.  The City's real estate manager reports that the City has reached agreement with the owners of all affected property except Trails.  The City budgeted $10.6 million for land acquisition, design and construction on the project scheduled to begin in 2010.   

The City has additional plans to extend Washington Street in downtown Chandler to Pecos Road, which would require the acquisition of homes, unoccupied properties, part of a park and parking lot.  The City also plans to spend $36 million to widen Gilbert Road, which would require acquisition of parts of 83 properties and the likely relocation of several businesses.  The projects are intended to alleviate traffic congestion now and in the future. 

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Highway Projects to Proceed on Stimulus Money

The Arizona State Transportation Board announced recently that 41 "shovel ready" projects previously shelved because of a lack of funds, may proceed with federal stimulus money.  Five of the projects are in Maricopa County, four of which will benefit the west Valley and one of which will benefit the north Valley.   

The Board chose two projects on the Maricopa Association of Governments' list of priority projects: the widening of the I-10 freeway in the west Valley between Sarival Avenue and Verrado Way, and the addition of one lane in each direction on Interstate 17 between the Carefree Highway and Anthem Way.  Although it is unclear whether stimulus grant money can be used to pay for these projects, but ADOT plans to try to use grant money for the projects and is awaiting the rules governing stimulus money.  Two other projects are in the area of the US 60 and Grand Avenue and one is the construction of an interchange for Loop 101 at Beardsley Road and Union Hills Drive.  

Apparently much of the federal stimulus money designated for transportation projects will be used by the State of Arizona for projects that were funded by the legislature and under way, but that had funding pulled because of budget constraints. 

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Scottsdale Approves Settlement in Three Condemnation Cases Taken for the Preserve

The City of Scottsdale approved the settlement of three more condemnation cases, in which I represented the property owners.  The properties were taken for the Sonoran Desert Preserve, and may represent the last few properties that will be condemned by the City for quite a while as the City has limited funds left after paying the judgment in the Toll case. 

The three properties were located in north Scottsdale in an area known as Dynamite Hills.  They consisted of about 25 acres.  The properties did not have paved access or water and sewer. The City filed these actions 4 years ago, and now will have to pay four years of interest on top of the settlement amount for each property.  Each of the properties will receive about double the City's original appraisal, plus the four years on interest.

China Could Use The Fifth Amendment To Protect Property Rights

The Wall Street Journal reported this morning on the imprisonment of a husband and wife who were trying to stop a development company from taking their property without paying just compensation.  The couple was charged with the criminal offense of "obstructing official business".  Confiscation of homes was prevalent as China prepared for the Olympics.

For example, the Journal reports that another couple has fought for compensation for seven years and has been under surveillance ever since.

Thank goodness we have the Fifth Amendment in the United States and a judiciary that is willing to ensure that property owners can have a fair jury trial to determine just compensation.  A property owner can stand up to various sorts of  government projects as unconstitutional:  urban renewal projects have been stopped when courts have found that they do not serve a public purpose.  And even in questionable types of takings, such as new baseball stadiums that have been constructed using public monies, ie., the Washington Nationals new ballpark, property owners have been fairly compensated for the takings of their properties. 

City of Scottdale Pays Largest Condemnation Award in History of Arizona Eminent Domain Trials

The City of Scottsdale voted to pay the full jury award, plus statutory interest, which amounted to $92,000,000.  The City decided to pay the judgment rather appeal the jury's award.

The jury award was the largest award in the history or Arizona trials in eminent domain actions. This was also one of the largest jury verdicts in the United States for trials that occurred in 2008.

The City had condemned Toll Brothers' land that Toll had planned to development into a high-end residential single family community.  Toll's land was condemned for the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, a  project where the City wished to preserve desert land in its natural state and prohibit development.The City had appraised the 383 acres for  $82,000 per acre or  about $31,000,000. 

The jury rejected the City's appraisal, and found that the fair market value of the land was about $214,000 per acre, or $82,000,000. Although the City threatened to appeal, the City ultimately realized that the jury's decision was fair and that it did not have a viable appeal.

Municipality May Attempt to Use Planning Power to Acquire Parking

A developer purchased 17 acres of prime Scottsdale land from the Arizona State Land Department at public auction, where the developer was the sole bidder.  The City of Scottsdale, which has publicly declared its need for a portion of the land for additional parking for Pinnacle Peak Park, did not bid on the land.  The City Manager has announced the City's intention of using its planning powers to "acquire" the additional parking from the developer. 

When a municipality starts talking about using its "planning power" to acquire property watch-out.  That is really a euphemism for an unconstitutional taking of property without just compensation.  Often, a City will try to exact property from developer's during the zoning process, knowing that the developer may need the cooperation of the city during the land entitlement process.  A city will use this to its advantage and require a developer to give up land for reasons that may be completely unrelated to the zoning and use of the property.  The only way that such unconstitutional activity can be stopped is for the developer to stand up to the city and refuse to dedicate the land.  Even if that means having to fight the city in court. 

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The ability to use planning powers to acquire private property is limited.  Announcing its intention prior to a planning request and on the eve of a private purchase of the property may subject a municipality's actions to closer scrutiny if the property owner challenges the municipality's actions 

Creative Land Acquisition by Municipalities Not Always Successful

Both the Toll Brothers condemnation case and another case handled by Dale Zeitlin, City of Scottsdale v. Hualapai L.L.C., which involves the land on which the City of Scottsdale has built a water treatment plant near Pima Road and Hualapai Drive, continue to impact land acquisition decisions by the City of Scottsdale.

For more see Arizona Republic column

 

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